by: Freddy Plaza
Much has been discussed whether there really is so post-modern, I mean a new era, a new society, one of the defenders is Edgar Morin, the epistemologist's considered a bricoleor knowledge (is a kind of intellectual con-truye skilled than something with all that is within reach), with its new approach to the epistemology of complexity tells us that the socio-psycho-cultural be observed in a complex manner that is not from Comtean epistemology (methodological monism) positivism ie, (a linear, to mutilating, reductionist, one-dimensional) of social facts, social reality, and that this social reality, is systematically integrated in order-disorder - organization, con-truyéndose and de-constructed dialogue, to overcome this knowledge alone that was classic science phenomena , Saying that everything was subject to a permanent ordinance, with the effectiveness of predicting deterministically, verifiability in number, that is why we must overcome the sociological (is a philosophical approach and methodology as the only source of knowledge, deterministic view of the social = 1 .-) the positivism of August Comte 2 .-) Marxism of Karl Marx 3 .-) theory of knowledge Karl Mannheim 3 .-) Émile Durkheim's structuralism, and psychologism (point prevalence Psychologically, a relationship with positivism, schools = 1 .-) behaviorism Watson, Skinner, (but we are still in pre-historical thinking, tells us that thinker).
Morin defines the complexity, a quantitative phenomenon an extreme amount of interaction and interference between a large number of units (neurons and brain epi-genetic, social self and the world, biological determinism and indeterminism social, man and society, society and societies), this knowledge we have of change and development indeterminacy of the universe (which occurred 15 billion years), based on the second law of thermodynamics as entropy (disorder) and neguentropic (order), in which the world integrates and disintegrates, all this applies in societal thinking in science (As stated in the epistemologist Paul Feyerabend, all theory is bio-degradable), complex thinking in three dimensions = the dialogical, recursive and the hologram, the first dimension = is the complementary and antagonistic logics that are linked to producing unit organization and complexity, such disorder is order. The origin of the cultures, the origin of life, the second dimension = breaks with linear causality is self-productive and self-organization example. the evolution of species-ontogenetic = edge, the third dimension = the whole is enrolled in such parties. man is to see biological, cultural, social. Feyerabend
in his book Against Method, tells us that it must re-learn other knowledge that is not included in the scientific, knowledge that comes from the myths (1.-contributions to medicine early ideas on the knowledge of 2 .- herbs Copernicus attempted to adapt old ideas Philolaus, which said the sun was the center of the universe, taken by all, illogical, 3 .- the detailed classification of animals and plants that have certain primitive tribes etc.) , which is why his critique of positivism (methodological monism = where there is only knowledge, no single absolute method to explain the social, or universal laws, concepts totalitarian monopoly ), The hermeneutics aside, telling himself an anarchist methodology, the epistemological, a science open to methodological pluralism (multiple views for the development of science), Feyerabend reflective look is going against modernity , and usher in a post-modern. From the social (diversity of realities) in the scientific (laws biodegradable). Manuel Castells
Another thinker poses the emergence of another company differently, (the previous century), a global company, with the third technological revolution (originates at the end of World War II and the product of that, at present investigations are made = Bio-technology, micro-electronics, robotics), the technological revolution in information and communication technologies (computers and telecommunicative) has re-built capitalism as we knew (in what was a mass production), a new capitalism a informational mode of development in which technical and social innovation to suit the needs of transforming the current world economic expansion of markets (globalization), where it is generated, processed, and broad-based information and knowledge communication flows freely over the Internet global computer at generating new forms of socialization.
An example of technological advancement in the world today is on psychiatric disorders and normal brain function with neuroimaging and imaging techniques (the PET = positron emission tomography), the magneto-encephalogram (EEG), Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), all this has allowed a better knowledge than we had in the past two decades on the functions of the mind and brain bases operate through the integrated study of social-science-law (new discipline arising from the combination of social psychology, sociology, cognitive neurosciences = su study the neural systems and biological processes in psychosocial events).
post-modern philosopher Lyortar (critical of the totalitarian systems) hiéndose on the meta-narratives own speeches in religious (Christianity), economic (capitalism), ideology (Marxism), considered absolute truths that no led to liberation, we must act on the disciplinary, there are many scenarios to produce changes in the post-modern meta-narratives these are des-Truyen, rationality is not, there is total knowledge. The plural and culturally diverse in what he espoused.
undeniable change has occurred in science (we Morin says, Feyerabend, Bunge and others) in how investigations should be treated, because has different scenarios, from the psycho-biological, socio-politico-economic, epistemological, a product of constant evolution, so recursive ( production produces a product that produces and re-produce), generated by not having a knowledge omnubilado in sociology and integrate the complex (the inter-trans-multi-disciplinary), shaped by the post-modern historical development.
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