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WITH THE POLICE IS THE COMPANY THAT LEADS TO THE INDIVIDUAL TO CRIME?

By: Andres Penachino

The study of behavior: criminal, aggressive or antisocial man is so old as human history itself.
The causes of this behavior have been a source of strong controversy, dividing into two groups: those who think that the subject is born with certain genetic defects or acquired after an illness, and those who believe that the causes are in the middle environment where the individual develops (influences of education, family, environment, socio-economic problems, etc.). We could summarize the views on the causes of criminal behavior, including congenital or acquired in English "nature or nurture" (nature or education). The attempt to combine the two streams into one, also date from ancient times but some go up to the present, only in some cases.

A little history

Although historically ideas about the social nature of the crime took place before and in more detail the notion of biological essence, however the beginning was not the work of that time. In antiquity and Middle Ages, when the level of development of social sciences natural and was still extremely low, played an important role religious ideas and superstition.

in those days was often seen as alienated criminals, possessed by the devil, the evil spirit. The refusal to admit that the offender was entitled to human existence led to look at crime in the man himself.

The issue of crime as a form of human behavior, its origins, the punishment may, therefore, no longer merit the attention of any writer concluded. Just to mention Charles Dickens, Leo Tolstoy or Victor Hugo in his novel "Les Miserables" who also develops this theme with great skill.

Leaving aside the novels and films, among which are found not only works with a compelling argument, but also books that contain a fairly deep analysis of the reasons and causes of criminal behavior. Reading

thinkers like Plato and his student Aristotle, we see that in time they paid special attention to the issue of crime. In the eighteenth century, thinkers like Beccaria, Bentham, Voltaire, Helvetius, Locke, Montesquieu and others, were the cause of crime in the disorganization of society and the poor education of citizens, proposing lawmakers to attenuate the repression and grant greater attention to preventive measures.

Thomas More saw the possibility to overcome the crime and its causes in the restructuring of society based on socialist principles.

Before Marx, William Goldwin said there are three root causes of crime, extreme poverty, ostentation of the rich, and tyranny which the latter exert.

Darwinism introduced the theory that the jump from animal to man occurred in the course of millions of years of hominid evolution and involves the interaction of new biological properties of reflection with a determining influence of social relationships and work. Had it not been for those influences, the most distant human ancestors had not initiated the species homo sapiens. It is absolutely true that the first historical fact through which individuals are distinguished from animals is that they think, but they begin to produce the means of life to meet their needs.

science about crime and its causes is structured in the second half of the nineteenth century and given the name of criminology, sociology or criminal biology, according to which these sciences were specialists in studies that investigated the crime. Let us now, briefly, special theories about the nature of the crime and its causes, which were developed in the field of social sciences.

Around 1882 in Italy, the thinker Turati argued that social factors and, first of economic conditions from which all others depend, are the true causes of crime.

Closer to times, we find a first radical criminology approach that developed in the United States in the 60's, within the political protest movements defined as "New Left" (New Left .) For them, large illegal system are: racism and imperialism.

In a similar vein is part of the School of the National Deviance Conference, which emerged in 1968 through the work of some British criminologists.
For them, the deviant behavior is a manifestation of the will to oppose the dominant utilitarian values \u200b\u200ba "morality expressive" to assert their own culture alien to the rules of capitalism
These claims arise from the analysis of deviant or criminalized youth culture, such as drug use, sexual nonconformists, or behavior in recreational vandalism .

The concept is:

The company is responsible for the economic situation that leads to criminal acts, so is the culprit, or whether it transfers the responsibility for the crime and denied so, the entity to suppress it.

The perpetrator becomes a victim of society and to punish, it is victimizing ...

taken these ideas at the time of legislation, are applying the "minimum criminal law."
This is penalizing the least amount of conduct that, somehow, are considered disvaliosas by most of society, as well, seeking alternatives to custodial sentences of freedom, with a tendency for this type of punishment is reduced to a small number of crimes, and that the amount of deprivation of freedom is reduced to the least possible. .
At the time of procedure, tend to favor the situation of the accused by the release or interpretations, sometimes enforced the rules, always in favor of acquittal or to improve the legal situation ..
Examples abound these days ....

Finally, if the company is leading the individual to the crime, evil can "retrofit" because it has no authority to do so. To study and classify it stigmatizes.

you have the last word.

By Andres Penachino

Bibliography: Library of Safe Communities Program

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